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Eratosthenes and the Shape of the Earth
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In the 3rd century BCE, in the great Library of Alexandria, lived a man named Eratosthenes. He was not satisfied with the stories told by the ancient poets. He had heard a tale from the southern city of Syene (modern Aswan): that at noon on the summer solstice, a vertical pole cast no shadow. The sun was directly overhead, shining into a deep well. Eratosthenes, a scholar of geometry, knew that if the Earth were flat, the shadows would be the same length everywhere on that day. He walked out to his own pole in Alexandria, hundreds of miles north,
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Omar